The MessageStatusReceiver service in the AndroidManifest.XML in Android 5.1.1 and earlier allows local users to alter sent/received statuses of SMS and MMS messages without the associated "WRITE_SMS" permission.Referenceshttp://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/two-new-android-bugs-mess-up-messaging-may-lead-to-multiple-send-charges/http://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/os-x-zero-days-on-the-rise-a-2015-midyear-review-on-advanced-attack-surfaces/https://huntcve.github.io/2017/02/13/cveupdate/